This qualitative multiple-case study examines how parental support influences the implementation of inclusive education practices in two contrasting primary schools in Wete District, Zanzibar. Each school was treated as a bounded case: one with an established inclusive education unit and one without. The design enabled within-case analysis and systematic cross-case comparison to explore how institutional structures shape parental engagement and inclusive practices. The sample consisted of 26 participants, including parents, regular and special education teachers, students, head teachers, and school committee leaders. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews and direct observations in natural school settings. The findings indicate that parental support manifests in multidimensional forms, such as academic reinforcement at home, resource contributions to schools, participation in governance, and emotional encouragement, which collectively enhance students’ academic achievement, behavioral development, and social integration within inclusive environments. Active parental involvement fosters improved attendance, reduced truancy, and a supportive school climate. Conversely, the limited engagement of parents correlates with heightened student isolation, diminished academic performance, and challenges in social-emotional adaptation, particularly for learners with special educational needs. These findings underscore the necessity of strong school-family partnerships to overcome barriers like socioeconomic constraints and cultural stigmas. The study highlights the critical role of parental support in advancing equitable, inclusive education aligned with Zanzibar’s Education Policy of 2006 and the Persons with Disabilities Act No. 8 of 2022. Recommendations include strengthening school–family partnerships, expanding inclusive education units in primary schools, and developing community awareness programs to enhance parental engagement in inclusive education. By addressing context-specific dynamics in Zanzibar, this research emphasizes sustainable strategies for holistic student success.