When combining osteogenic progenitor cells such as human periosteum derived cells (hPDCs) with osteoconductive biomaterials like calcium phosphate (CaP)-scaffolds,in vivobone formation can be achieved. This process is dependent on the early activation of Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-signalling. However, the bone forming process is slow and routinely only a limited amount of bone and bone marrow is formed. Therefore, we hypothesised that a robust clinically relevant outcome could be achieved by adding more physiological levels of potent BMP-ligands to these cell- and CaP-based constructs.For this, hPDCs were characterised for their responsiveness to BMP-ligands uponin vitro2D stimulation. BMP-2, -4, -6 and -9 robustly induced osteochondrogenic differentiation. Subsequently, these ligands were coated onto clinically approved CaP-scaffolds, BioOss® and CopiOs®, followed by hPDC-seeding. Protein lysates and conditioned media were investigated for activation of BMP signalling pathways. Uponin vivoimplantation, the most abundant bone formation was found in BMP-2 and BMP-6-coated scaffolds. Implanted cells actively contributed to the newly formed bone. Remnants of cartilage could be observed in BMP-coated CopiOs®-constructs.Computational analysis displayed that the type of BMP-ligand as well as the CaP-scaffold affects skeletal tissue formation, observed in a qualitative as well as quantitative manner. Furthermore, thein vitromechanism appears to predict thein vivooutcome. This study presents further evidence for the potential of BMP-technology in the development of clinically relevant cell-based constructs for bone regenerative strategies.