Osteoblast-induced bone formation and osteoclast-mediated bone resorption coordinate the balance of bone remodeling. However, the exact mechanisms underlying bone remodeling remain unknown. Several post-translational modifications (PTMs), including glycosylation, ubiquitination, sumoylation, lactylation, and palmitoylation, have been linked to bone remodeling. The core molecules involved in bone remodeling are widely modified by PTMs. An imbalance between bone resorption and formation is a prerequisite for osteoporosis. Therefore, targeting bone remodeling by modulating PTMs is a promising strategy for osteoporosis therapy. In this review we consider the roles of novel PTMs in bone remodeling, which may deepen our understanding of the mechanisms underlying bone remodeling and may also provide novel treatment targets for osteoporosis.